Percepción bioética de ginecólogos residentes de mastología sobre la interrupción del embarazo en cáncer de seno / Bioethical perception of gynecology specialist mastology residents regarding pregnancy interruption in cases with breast cancer

Objetivo: describir la percepción bioética en un grupo de residentes de mastología frente a la interrupción voluntaria en el primer trimestre del embarazo (IVE,) en casos con cáncer de mama temprano, y las implicaciones de sus conductas médicas en un hospital universitario. Metodología: estudio cualitativo de tipo fenomenológico descriptivo. La técnica de recolección de datos fue la entrevista a profundidad, Para la inclusión de los participantes se utilizó un muestreo intencional. La información se analizó siguiendo el método de Colaizzi que considera la codificación abierta, axial y selectiva. Se elaboraron matrices (microsoft office Excel) para el análisis y comparación de los datos, y para las categorías mediante la consolidación de los descriptores. Para mantener el rigor de la investigación y la validez de sus resultados se tuvieron en cuenta los criterios de credibilidad, auditabilidad y transferibilidad propuestos por Lincoln y Guba, analizando los datos dos investigadores para triangulación de la información. Estudio de riesgo mínimo dado que no se modifican variables en los participantes, se tuvieron en cuenta consideraciones de la Resolución 8430 de 1993 y se obtuvo aprobación del comité de ética de investigación en seres humanos. Resultados: participaron médicos, especialistas en ginecología y obstetricia, residentes de la especialidad de mastología. A partir de la categorización de los significados formulados de las entrevistas, se organizaron en cinco categorías que dan cuenta del dilema de sugerir o no la interrupción de un embarazo en mujeres con cáncer de mama temprano, dudas de los profesionales encargados en la toma de decisiones y sensación de carga de responsabilidad aumentada. Conclusión: la autonomía del médico se ve afectada en casos complejos, en especial cuando considera que no es adecuada la interrupción. Se debería incluir en los programas académicos una formación en bioética no principialista sino centrada en la persona.

Objective: to describe the bioethical perception of a group of mastology residents regarding first trimester voluntary pregnancy interruption (VPI) in cases with early-stage breast cancer, and the implications of their medical behaviors in a university hospital. Methodology: a qualitative descriptive phenomenological study was conducted. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews. Purposive sampling was adopted for recruiting participants. Colaizzi ́s method was used for data analysis including open, axial, and selective coding. Analysis and comparison matrices, and for categories by descriptors consolidation, were created in Microsoft Office Excel. The credibility, auditability, and transferability criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba, were used to ensure research rigor and validity of its results. Data triangulation was performed involving two researchers. This is a minimal risk study given no variables are modified in participants, in accordance with Resolution 8430 of 1993. Approval was obtained from the ethics committee for research on human beings. Results: participants included physicians, gynecology, and obstetrics specialists, and mastology residents. They were categorized into five groups based on the categorization of the meanings proposed in the interviews, that account for the dilemma of whether suggesting pregnancy interruption in women with early-stage breast cancer, concerns of physicians who play the decision-making role and a feeling of increased responsibility burden placed on them. Conclusion: physician ́s autonomy is affected in complex cases, especially when he/she considers that pregnancy interruption is not appropriate. Training in bioethics should be provided in academic programs, not based on principles but as a person-centered approach.

Factores asociados con caídas de pacientes y su relación con la valoración de riesgo / Patient fall risk factors and their relationship with fall risk assessment

Introducción: la seguridad como atributo de la calidad de atención incluye las actividades orientadas a reducir o mitigar un evento adverso. Las caídas intrahospitalarias son un problema grave y una de las principales causas de lesiones, incapacidad e incluso muerte. El profesional de la salud debe realizar la valoración del riesgo del paciente, determinando la probabilidad de sufrir una caída según sus condiciones individuales. Objetivo: describir los factores asociados con caídas de pacientes en el Hospital de San José de Bogotá y su relación con la valoración del riesgo en el período 2018. Metodología: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de 90 historias clínicas de pacientes adultos que presentaron este evento adverso. Las variables cuantitativas se reportan como frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Según la Resolución 8430 de 1993 del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia, este estudio se clasifica sin riesgo. Resultados: la edad promedio fue 55 años, 81% estaban clasificados de bajo riesgo, 21% alto, siendo 51% de las valoraciones acorde con la situación del paciente; 38% de las caídas ocurrieron en el baño y con mayor frecuencia (43%) en el turno de la mañana, 27% requirió exámenes adicionales y 12% aumentó la estancia hospitalaria. Conclusión: las caídas constituyen un fenómeno frecuente independiente de la causa de hospitalización, por lo que la "clasificación del riesgo" exige evaluación permanente para conocer los factores predisponentes e intervenir en las causas para mejorar los resultados en salud y favorecer el aprendizaje organizacional.

Introduction: patient safety, as an attribute of quality care, includes actions aimed at reducing or mitigating an adverse event. In-hospital falls are a serious problem and a leading cause of injury, disability, and even death. Patients should be evaluated for fall risk by the healthcare provider, to determine their likelihood of falling, consonantly with their individual features. Objective: to describe patient fall risk factors at Hospital de San José in Bogotá and their relationship to fall risk assessment during 2018. Methodology: a descriptive cross-sectional study including 90 adult patients in whom this adverse event was reported in their medical records. Quantitative variables were reported as absolute and relative frequencies. This study was classified as non-risk in accordance with Resolution 8430 of 1993 issued by the Colombian Ministry of Health and Social Protection. Results: the mean age of participants was 55 years, 81% were classified as low risk, 21% as high risk, and in 51% risk assessment correlated with their comorbid conditions; 38% of falls occurred in the bathroom, most of them (43%) in the morning shift, 27% required further scrutiny and 12% were associated with prolonged hospitalization. Conclusion: patient falls are a common event, regardless of the reason for hospitalization, thus, "risk classification" requires permanent evaluation to identify predisposing factors and the implementation of proper interventions to improve health outcomes and promote organizational learning.

Expectations and Experiences of a Group of Patients Enrolled in an Educational Program for Rheumatoid Arthritis at a Specialized Care Center in Colombia.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease diagnosed in a productive stage of life. Patients with RA experience changes in their musculoskeletal system, overall health and quality of life. It has been identified that patients with RA do not have appropriate knowledge about their condition. Educational programs can provide new knowledge, accompaniment, and closer follow-up to improve empowerment and quality of life in patients with RA. Purpose: To describe rheumatoid arthritis patients' experiences, perceptions, and expectations when enrolling on a multicomponent educational program in a specialized RA setting. Patients and Methods: A qualitative study was done. Patients with RA who attended a specialized center and enrolled in an educational program participated in two focus groups. The focus group discussions and the interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, analyzed, and emerging themes were constructed. Results: Thirty-one participants were included in the focus groups. The median age was 60 years IQR (54-67), 92% were female. Two relevant categories emerged: first, the experience of being diagnosed with RA. Second, the program's ability to empower participants with knowledge and the possibility of transferring knowledge to other patients with the same condition. In addition, patients gave a high score to the expectations regarding the educational program. Conclusion: Understanding patients' expectations when enrolling in an educational program allows educators and clinicians to understand their motivations to create tailored programs that can contribute to acquiring empowerment in the educational process and managing their disease. Stakeholders should consider patients' expectations when implementing these interventions for patients with RA to adapt the intervention according to the patient's context and needs, which will directly affect the patient's adherence and lead to better use and allocation of resources for educational activities.

Intervenciones para promover la dignificación del fin de vida por estudiantes por estudiantes y profesionales de enfermería / Interventions by nursing students and professionals to promote dignity at the end of life

Introducción: el cuidado es el eje de la enfermería y adquiere especial relevancia en el proceso del fin de vida y muerte, donde deben garantizarse cuidados que dignifiquen a la persona y su entorno. Los profesionales y estudiantes de enfermería deben estar capacitados para ello. Objetivo: identificar intervenciones para promover la dignificación de la persona en el fin de la vida y la muerte, entre estudiantes y profesionales de enfermería. Metodología: revisión integrativa de la literatura. Se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos: PubMed, CUIDEN Plus, Ovid, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y ProQuest y se incluyeron artículos derivados de investigación y revisión publicados entre 2016 y 2021. Se efectuó lectura crítica utilizando la herramienta Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Estudio sin riesgo ético, según la resolución 8430 de 1993. Resultados: se incluyeron 34 artículos y se construyeron cinco temáticas: dignidad humana, muerte digna en la atención de enfermería, factores que impiden la dignificación del fin de vida, beneficios para estudiantes, profesionales de enfermería, paciente y familia, y estrategias que promueven la dignidad en el fin de vida y muerte. Conclusiones: el fin de la vida y la muerte son procesos complejos a los que deben enfrentarse estudiantes y profesionales de enfermería, ante los cuales puede ser de ayuda implementar intervenciones como las identificadas, dado que contribuyen en el conocimiento, compromiso, trato humanizado y compasión; es necesaria mayor docencia e investigación al respecto.

Introduction: care is nursing practice axis and is especially relevant through the end-of-life and death process, where care dignifying the patient and his or her environment must be ensured. Nursing professionals and students should be trained for this purpose. Objective: to identify interventions to promote patient dignity at end of life and death, among nursing students and professionals. Methodology: an integrative literature review. The PubMed, CUIDEN Plus, Ovid, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud and ProQuest databases were searched and articles derived from research and review published between 2016 and 2021 were included. Critical reading was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. This is a study carrying no ethical risk, according to Resolution 8430 of 1993. Results: 34 articles were included, and organized into five topics: human dignity, nursing care for dignified death, barriers to dignifying end of life, benefits for nursing students and professionals, patient and family, and strategies that promote dignity at end of life and death. Conclusions: end of life and death are complex processes which nursing students and professionals must face. Implementing interventions such as those identified herein, may be helpful, since they contribute to knowledge, commitment, humanized treatment, and compassion. Further education and research in this regard is required.

Modifications in self-care, quality of life and therapeutic adherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic treated by telehealth

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, causing pain and stiffness in the joints. SARS-CoV-2 increases the clinical vulnerability of the population with RA and has led to the implementation and/or development of telemedicine. Objective: To describe changes in level of therapeutic adherence, quality of life and capacity for self-care agency, during the follow-up period of a group of patients linked to a non-face-to-face multidisciplinary consultation model during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methodology: Descriptive cohort study (July to October 2020). Description of the level of therapeutic adherence (Morisky Green Test), quality of life (EuroQOL-5-Dimensions-3-Level-version) and self-care capacity (ASA-R Scale) in the context of a telehealth model. A univariate and bivariate analysis was performed (Stata Software, Considered p-value <0.05). Results: Of 71 patients treated under the telehealth model, 85.9% were women, the age range was between 33 and 86 years with a median of 63. The most prevalent comorbidity was arterial hypertension (35.2%). Quality of life did not change during follow-up nor did adherence to treatment, apart from in one item [the patients did not stop taking the medication when they were well (p = 0.029)]. In self-care capacity, there were significant improvements in five dimensions (p < 0.05), without significant differences in the global score. Conclusion: Patients with RA evaluated in the context of telehealth in a period of pandemic did not present significant changes in quality of life, adherence to treatment, or capacity for self-care, and remained close to baseline values when they attended a traditional face-to-face assessment.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La artritis reumatoide (AR) es una enfermedad autoinmune caracterizada por una inflamación crónica que produce dolor y rigidez articular. El SARS-CoV-2 aumenta la vulnerabilidad clínica en pacientes con AR, lo que ha conllevado la implementación o el desarrollo de la telesalud. OBJETIVO: Describir los cambios en el nivel de adherencia terapéutica, la calidad de vida y la capacidad de autocuidado durante el periodo de seguimiento, en un grupo de pacientes con AR vinculados con un modelo de consulta multidisciplinar no presencial, en el curso de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio de cohorte descriptiva (julio a octubre del 2020). Descripción del nivel de adherencia terapéutica (TEST MORISKY GREEN), calidad de vida (EUROQOL-5-DIMENSIONS-3-LEVEL-VERSION) y capacidad de autocuidado (Escala ASA-R) en el contexto de un modelo de telesalud. Se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado (SOFTWARE Stata®, valor de p considerado <0,05). RESULTADOS: De 71 pacientes atendidos en modalidad de telesalud, el 85,9% fueron mujeres, la mediana de la edad fue de 63 (33-86) anos. La comorbilidad más prevalente fue la hipertensión (35,2%). La calidad de vida no tuvo cambios durante el seguimiento, al igual que la adherencia al tratamiento, excepto en uno de los ítems (los pacientes no dejaron de tomar la medicación cuando se encontraban bien; p = 0,029). En la capacidad de autocuidado hubo mejoras significativas en 5 dimensiones (p < 0,05), sin diferencias significativas en el puntaje global. CONCLUSIÓN: Los pacientes con AR evaluados en el contexto de la telesalud, en un periodo de pandemia, no presentaron cambios significativos en la calidad de vida, la adherencia al tratamiento y la capacidad de autocuidado; se mantuvieron en niveles similares a los valores basales cuando asistían a valoración tradicional presencial.

Hemorragia postparto: intervenciones y tratamiento del profesional de enfermería para prevenir shock hipovolémico / Postpartum hemorrhage: Nursing interventions and management to prevent hypovolemic shock

Introducción: En Colombia la hemorragia postparto es la segunda causa de mortalidad en mujeres gestantes de 24 a 34 años con 6,9 casos por cada 1000 nacidos vivos. Después del parto se prevé que el 8.2% de las mujeres latinoamericanas presentarán hemorragia postparto. Objetivo: Describir el cuidado de enfermería a mujeres que presentan hemorragia postparto para disminuir el riesgo de shock hipovolémico, a través de una revisión integrativa de la literatura. Metodología: Revisión integrativa de la literatura siguiendo la propuesta por Sasso, de Campos y Galvão, se realizó una búsqueda en ClinicalKey, LILACS, CINAHL, Epistemonikos, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scielo y Google Scholar; se incluyeron artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años, en español, inglés y portugués, se clasificaron por nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación. Esta investigación es de bajo riesgo por ser de tipo documental. Resultados: Se recopilaron 41 artículos definitivos. La información se organizó en: cuadro clínico, cuidados de enfermería y dificultades en la atención gineco-obstétrica. Discusión: El profesional de enfermería debe identificar barreras en la atención evaluando la capacidad resolutiva de las instituciones y analizando los casos de muerte materna. Se recomienda el uso de misoprostol con oxitocina o únicamente de carbetocina y la combinación de ergometrina con oxitocina según el volumen de sangrado. Conclusión: Es pertinente realizar un examen físico para reconocer signos de inestabilidad hemodinámica, y de shock hipovolémico. Además, los diagnósticos e intervenciones de enfermería se enfocan en brindar cuidados de calidad, para evitar complicaciones como la muerte.

Introduction: In Colombia, postpartum hemorrhage is the second leading cause of death in pregnant women at a rate of 6.9 deaths per 1,000 live births. After childbirth, 8.2% of Latin American women are expected to have postpartum hemorrhage. Objective: To describe nursing care delivered to women with postpartum hemorrhage to reduce the risk of hypovolemic shock by means of an integrative literature review. Materials and Methods: Following the approach suggested by Sasso, de Campos and Galvão, an integrative literature review was conducted on ClinicalKey, LILACS, CINAHL, Epistemonikos, Cochrane Library, PubMed and ScieELO Google Scholar databases. Articles published in the last five years in Spanish, English and Portuguese were selected and classified by their level of evidence and degree of recommendation. This is a low-risk research due to its documentary nature. Results: 41 articles were finally selected and classified into clinical picture, nursing care and challenges in OBGYN care. Discussion: Nursing professionals should identify barriers to care by evaluating institutional problem-solving capacity and analyzing maternal death cases. Using misoprostol and oxytocin or only carbetocin and ergometrine-oxytocin is suggested based on the quantity of blood loss. Conclusions: Performing a physical examination is important to recognize signs of hemodynamic instability and hypovolemic shock. Nursing diagnoses and interventions focus on providing quality patient care to prevent certain complications such as death.

Introdução: Na Colômbia, a hemorragia pós-parto é a segunda principal causa de mortalidade em mulheres grávidas de 24-34 anos, com 6,9 casos por 1000 nascidos vivos. Após o parto, 8,2% das mulheres latino-americanas devem sofrer de hemorragia pós-parto. Objetivo: Descrever os cuidados de enfermagem a mulheres com hemorragia pós-parto para reduzir o risco de choque hipovolêmico, através de uma revisão integrativa da bibliografia. Metodologia: Revisão integrativa da bibliografia seguindo a proposta de Sasso, de Campos e Galvão, foi realizada uma pesquisa em ClinicalKey, LILACS, CINAHL, Epistemonikos, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scielo e Google Scholar; foram incluídos artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos em espanhol, inglês e português, classificados por nível de evidência e grau de recomendação. Esta é uma pesquisa de baixo risco, pois é do tipo documental. Resultados: Foram recolhidos 41 artigos definitivos. A informação foi organizada em: quadro clínico, cuidados de enfermagem e dificuldades nos cuidados gineco-obstetrítricos. Discussão: O profissional de enfermagem deve identificar as barreiras ao cuidado, avaliando a capacidade das instituições e analisando os casos de morte materna. O uso de misoprostol com ocitocina, ou carbetocina isoladamente, e a combinação de ergometrina com ocitocina são recomendados dependendo do volume de sangramento. Conclusão: O exame físico para sinais de instabilidade hemodinâmica e choque hipovolêmico é relevante. Além disso, os diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem concentram-se na prestação de cuidados de qualidade para evitar complicações como a morte.

Effectiveness of a case management model for people with multimorbidity: Mixed methods study.

AIMS: The aim was to determine the impact of a case management model on indicators of health service utilization, polypharmacy, quality of life and dependency of patients with multimorbidity, and family caregiver overload in a group of patients insured with two insurance companies in the city of Bogotá (Colombia). DESIGN: This was a mixed methods study, which integrated a quantitative and qualitative component. METHODS: The study was conducted between July 2019 and March 2020. A quantitative component is based on a pre-experimental study with a single group and pre- and post-test measurements. Patients with multimorbidity with a medium or high level of complexity were included in the study. A sample of 317 patients and their caregivers was estimated. Following the completion of the intervention, a descriptive study that explored the perspective of nurses, patients and caregivers was developed to better understand the process and results from their own words and experience. A total of 17 dyads of patients and caregivers were interviewed, as well as six nurse managers. The integration strategy was developed based on a comparison made from the perspective of multiple stakeholders. RESULTS: The model's impact on quality of life, particularly in terms of social functioning and mental health, has been documented. Caregiver overload was reduced and an improvement in the adoption of the role was observed, aspects that converge with the experience of the dyads and the caregivers in the support and backing provided by the model. CONCLUSION: The intervention was structured in five modules: case detection, complexity screening, comprehensive assessment with various instruments, individualized care and follow-up plan, and plan assessment. The nurse manager role is confirmed as that of a professional with the leadership capacity to articulate disciplines and actors, whilst also dealing with the day-to-day needs of people with complex health conditions. IMPACT: A comprehensive and integrated approach to patients with multiple diseases in a health insurance context marked by access barriers and fragmentation of health services. The study provides quantitative and qualitative evidence of the benefits of the case management model in Colombia for patients with multiple diseases and their family caregivers, particularly in terms of the psychosocial dimensions of health-related quality of life and dependence assessment. A significant impact on the caregiver role, as well as an improvement in perception and trust in the health system, was observed as a result of the overcoming of administrative barriers achieved by the nurse case manager. The findings are considered to be extremely useful for decision-makers and insurers in developing a case management model focused on comprehensive and individualized care plans, as well as for individuals with multiple diseases and their caregivers.

Cuidados de enfermería para reducir el riesgo de hemorragia en pacientes con trombolisis por ICTUS isquémico

Objetivo: Describir las intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con trombolisis en ictus isquémico para reducir el riesgo de hemorragia. Metodología: Investigación secundaria, revisión; integrativa. Se realizó una pregunta con la estrategia PICO: ¿Cuáles son las intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con trombolisis en ictus isquémico para reducir el riesgo de hemorragia antes, durante y después de trombolizar al paciente? Se construyó una ecuación de búsqueda utilizando booleanos, DeCS/MeSH para facilitar la búsqueda en bases de datos. Los artículos encontrados fueron leídos críticamente y clasificados por nivel de evidencia y grados de recomendación. Estudio sin riesgo ético por ser de tipo documental. Se respetaron los derechos de autor de acuerdo con la Ley 44 de 1993. Resultados: Con las 14 unidades de análisis finales fueron construidos 3 dominios que realzan la importancia de los conocimientos y el actuar del personal de enfermería en la reducción del riesgo de hemorragia en pacientes con ictus isquémico. Dichos dominios son: 1) control y monitorización de la tensión arterial; principal cuidado de enfermería antes, durante y después de la trombolisis, 2) terapia combinada; disminución de riesgos hemorrágicos - aumento de la ventana terapéutica, 3) dosificación segura de alteplasa en situaciones contraindicadas. Conclusiones: La intervención de enfermería más significativa durante esta terapia es la monitorización y control de las cifras tensionales, debido a que su aumento mayor a 185/110 mmHg es el factor de riesgo más significativo en la aparición de hemorragias.

Objective: Describe nursing interventions in patients with thrombolysis in ischemic stroke to reduce the risk of bleeding. Methodology: Secondary research, type of review; integrative. A question was asked with the PICO strategy: What are the nursing interventions in patients with thrombolysis in ischemic stroke to reduce the risk of bleeding before, during, and after thrombolyzing the patient? A search equation was constructed using Boolean, DeCS / MeSH to facilitate database searching. The articles were critically read and classified by level of evidence and degrees of recommendation. Study without ethical risk because it is documentary type, copyright was respected according to Law 44 of 1993. Results: With the 14 final analysis units, 3 domains were constructed that highlight the importance of knowledge and the actions of the nursing staff in reducing the risk of bleeding in patients with ischemic stroke. These domains are: 1) control and monitoring of blood pressure; main nursing care before, during, and after thrombolysis, 2) combined therapy; decreased bleeding risks - increased therapeutic window, 3) safe dosage of alteplase in contraindicated situations. Conclusions: The most significant nursing intervention during this therapy is the monitoring and control of blood pressure figures, since and increase larger than 185/110 mmHg is the most significant risk factor in the appearance of bleeding.

Intervenciones de prevención sobre el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios / Prevention interventions of alcohol consumption in young university students

Introducción: La ingesta de alcohol está condicionada por aspectos individuales y culturales. Objetivo: Identificar el efecto de intervenciones realizadas en el contexto latinoamericano sobre pautas de consumo o factores de riesgo asociados al consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Materiales y métodos: Revisión sistemática a partir de la pregunta PICO, Se realizó búsqueda desde abril a agosto del 2020 en las bases de PubMed, CUIDEN, BVS, Scielo, Google Scholar y Repositorios Gubernamentales. Se utilizaron descriptores DeCS y MeSH, en español, inglés y portugués con los operadores AND y OR. Criterios de elegibilidad: estudios experimentales y cuasi experimentales publicados entre 2014 y 2020. Se obtuvieron 49 artículos, la lectura crítica permitió seleccionar 8 a los cuales se les aplicaron las escalas AMSTAR2, TREND y CONSORT quedando 6 artículos para análisis. Según la Resolución 008430/93, Artículo 10, se consideró como investigación sin riesgo. Resultados: Intervenciones unicomponente reportaron efectos sobre creencias conductuales, actitudes, conocimiento de la sustancia, rendimiento académico, menor frecuencia de consumo y no conducir bajo efectos del alcohol. Las intervenciones multicomponente disminuyen en 3.03% el riesgo de consumo y reportan percepción positiva respecto a la utilidad de las actividades desarrolladas, satisfacción de expectativas, satisfacción general, calidad de materiales empleados, asistencia y puntualidad. Discusión: Los estudios sugieren implementar nuevas intervenciones, estrategias y políticas en salud primaria para promover una transformación social, educativa y sanitaria que generen un impacto favorable para mitigar la problemática actual de consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Conclusión: Esta revisión sistemática permitió sintetizar y valorar la evidencia disponible frente a intervenciones unicomponente y multicomponente realizadas en el contexto latinoamericano y del caribe que modifican positivamente factores de riesgo y pautas de consumo en jóvenes universitarios.

Introduction: Individual and cultural aspects condition alcohol intake. Objetive:To identify the effect of interventions conducted in Latin America on consumption patterns or associated risk factors for alcohol consumption among young university students. Materials and Methods:Systematic review based on a PICO question. A literature search was conducted from April to August 2020 in PubMed, CUIDEN, BVS, Scielo, Google Scholar, and Governmental Repositories. DeCS and MeSH descriptors in Spanish, English, and Portuguese were used with Boolean operators AND and OR. Eligibility criteria included experimental and quasi-experimental studies published between 2014 and 2020. Forty-nine articles were identified, and critical reading allowed the selection of 8 articles to which the AMSTAR2, TREND, and CONSORT appraisal tools were used, leaving 6 articles for analysis. In accordance with Article 10 of Resolution 008430/93, this was considered risk-free research. Results: Single-component interventions reported effects on behavioral beliefs, attitudes, knowledge of the substance, academic performance, lower frequency of drinking, and not driving under the influence of alcohol. Multicomponent interventions reduced consumption risk by 3.03% and reported positive perceptions regarding the usefulness of activities, expectations fulfillment, overall satisfaction, quality of materials used, attendance, and punctuality. Discussion:The studies suggest implementing new interventions, strategies and policies in primary health to promote a social, educational and health transformation that generate a favorable impact to mitigate the current problem of alcohol consumption in university students. Conclusions: This systematic review made it possible to synthesize and evaluate the available evidence on single- and multicomponent interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean that positively modify risk factors and consumption patterns in young university students.

Introdução: A ingestão de álcool é condicionada por aspectos individuais e culturais. Objetivo: Identificar o efeito de intervenções realizadas no contexto latino-americano sobre os padrões de consumo ou fatores de risco associados ao consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários. Materiais e métodos: Revisão sistemática com base na pergunta PICO, realizada de abril a agosto de 2020 nas bases de dados PubMed, CUIDEN, BVS, Scielo, Google Scholar e Government Repositories. Foram utilizados os descritores DeCS e MeSH, em espanhol, inglês e português com operadores AND e OR. Critérios de elegibilidade: estudos experimentais e quase-experimentais publicados entre 2014 e 2020. Obtiveram-se 49 artigos, a leitura crítica permitiu selecionar 8, aos quais foram aplicadas as escalas AMSTAR2, TREND e CONSORT, restando 6 artigos para análise. De acordo com a Resolução 008430/93, artigo 10, foi considerada pesquisa livre de risco. Resultados: Intervenções unicomponentes relataram efeitos sobre crenças comportamentais, atitudes, conhecimento da substância, desempenho acadêmico, menor frequência de consumo e não dirigir sob efeito de álcool. As intervenções multicomponentes reduzem o risco de consumo em 3,03% e relatam uma percepção positiva quanto à utilidade das atividades realizadas, satisfação das expectativas, satisfação geral, qualidade dos materiais utilizados, assiduidade e pontualidade. Discussão: Os estudos sugerem a implementação de novas intervenções, estratégias e políticas na atenção primária à saúde para promover uma transformação social, educacional e sanitária que gere impacto favorável para mitigar o problema atual do consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários. Conclusões: Esta revisão sistemática permitiu sintetizar e avaliar as evidências disponíveis sobre intervenções unicomponentes e multicomponentes realizadas no contexto latino-americano e caribenho que modificam positivamente os fatores de risco e os padrões de consumo em estudantes universitários.

Cuidados de enfermería para reducir infecciones por microorganismos oportunistas en pacientes oncológicos / Nursing care to reduce infections by opportunistic microorganisms in oncology patients

Introducción: las infecciones generadas por microorganismos oportunistas (MO) o infecciones oportunistas (IO) son causa importante de morbimortalidad en pacientes oncológicos y se les atribuyen factores relacionados con los cuidados específicos de la atención en salud. Las alteraciones en el sistema inmunológico, la multirresistencia antimicrobiana, la neutropenia febril y la interrupción de la integridad cutánea son los factores más influyentes. Objetivo: describir las principales intervenciones y estrategias para reducir IO en pacientes oncológicos. Metodología: revisión integrativa de la literatura. Se incluyeron artículos en español, inglés y portugués indexados a los tesauros MeSH Y DeCS, en las bases de datos CINAHL, Nursing Ovid, Clinicalkey; el metabuscador de Google académico y la interfaz Pubmed. Resultados: se revisaron 56 estudios, fueron organizados en tres temáticas: factores de riesgo que influyen para adquirir una IO en pacientes oncológicos, infecciones por MO y cuidados de enfermería, los cuales se agruparon en subtemas como: educación, medidas estándar, de barrera, farmacológicas, nutrición, manejo de catéteres, cavidad bucal, piel y aspectos emocionales. Discusión: se evidencian factoresque influyen en la no adherencia por parte de los profesionales que están relacionados con sus posturas, el contexto social, el sistema sanitario y características de las GPC. Conclusión: fue posible describir las intervenciones y estrategias de prevención que permiten reducir de manera importante la morbimortalidad en pacientes oncológicos.

Introduction: infections caused by opportunistic microorganisms (OM) or opportunistic infections (OI) are an important source of morbidity and mortality in oncology patients and are attributed to factors related with specific procedures in health care. Alterations of the immune system, antimicrobial multidrug resistance, febrile neutropenia and impaired skin integrity are the most influential factors. Objective: to describe the main interventions and strategies to reduce OI in oncology patients. Methodology: integrative review of the literature. Articles in Spanish, English and Portuguese indexed in the MeSH and DeCS thesauri in the CINAHL, Nursing Ovid, Clinicalkey databases; the academic Google meta-search engine and the PubMed interface, were included. Results: 56 studies were reviewed and organized into three topics: risk factors associated with the development of OI in cancer patients, infections by OM and nursing care. These topics were grouped into subtopics such as: education, standard barrier and pharmacological measures, nutrition, IV catheter care, oral cavity, skin and emotional aspects. Discussion: factors influencing non-adherence of healthcare providers were found to be related with their attitude, social context, health system and characteristics of clinical practice guidelines. Conclusion: we describe the intervention and prevention strategies which allow a significant reduction in morbimortality in oncology patients.

Caracterización de lesiones de piel en una institución de salud en Bogotá / Characterization of skin lesions in a health institution in Bogotá / Caracterização de lesões de pele em uma instituição de saúde em Bogotá

Objetivo: Describir las características de las lesiones de piel que ocurren como evento ad-verso al cuidado clínico en una institución de salud de IV nivel de complejidad. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en donde se tomaron 50 historias clínicas correspondientes a un periodo de 12 meses, de pacientes que estuvieron hospitalizados; en los que se valoró la historia desde la primera valoración y las siguientes a esta cada 7 días según protocolo institucional y por medio de la escala de Braden. Resulta-dos: El tipo de lesión de piel más frecuente son las úlceras por presión con 24 casos (40%), el lugar anatómico de lesión más reportado fue la región sacra con un 40% seguido del 30% que tenían más de una localización. En el 94% (n=47) de los casos las consecuencias del even-to ocasionaron a los pacientes tratamientos y procedimientos adicionales con un desenlace moderado. Conclusión: Las lesiones de piel más frecuentes fueron las úlceras por presión, puesto que este evento adverso representa un indicador de calidad del cuidado de enfermería, se deben mejorar las estrategias de prevención en el plan de cuidados de enfermería

Objective: To describe the characteristics of skin lesions that occur as an adverse events in a health institution of IV level of complexity. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sec-tional study was carried out in which 50 medical records corresponding to a period of 12 months were taken from patients who were hospitalized; starting the follow-up between the first assessment and the subsequent ones every 7 days according to institutional protocol and using the Braden scale. Results: The most frequent type of skin lesion is pressure ulcers with 24 cases (40%), the most reported anatomical site of injury was the sacral region with 40% followed by 30% with more than one location. In most cases (94%) the consequences of the event cause patients additional treatments and procedures with a moderate outcome. Conclusion: The most frequent skin lesions were pressure ulcers, since this adverse event represents an indicator of the quality of nursing care, prevention strategies must be improved in the nursing care plan

Objetivo: Descrever as características das lesões de pele que ocorrem como evento adverso ao atendimento clínico em uma instituição de saúde de nível de complexidade IV. Materi-ais e métodos: Realizar um estudio descritivo de corte transversal em donde se tomaron 50 historias clínicas correspondentes a um periodo de 12 meses, de pacientes que estuvieron hospitalizados; iniciando o seguimento entre a primeira valoração e os siguientes a esta cada 7 dias según protocolo institucional e por meio da escala de Braden. Resultados: El tipo de lesão de piel más frecuente son las úlceras por presión con 24 casos (40%), el lugar anatóm-ico de lesión más reportado fue la región sacra con un 40% seguido del 30% que tenían más de una localización. Em 94% (n=47) dos casos, as consequências do evento ocasionan a los pacientes tratamientos e procedimentos adicionais con un desenlace moderado. Conclusão: As lesões de pele mais frequentes foram as úlceras por pressão, visto que este evento adverso representa um indicador da qualidade da assistência de enfermagem, as estratégias de pre-venção devem ser aprimoradas no plano de cuidados de enfermagem

Evaluation of a Non-Face-to-Face Multidisciplinary Health Care Model in a Population with Rheumatoid Arthritis Vulnerable to COVID-19 in a Health Emergency Situation.

This study evaluated a non-face-to-face-multidisciplinary consultation model in a population with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is an analytical observational study of a prospective cohort with simple random sampling. RA patients were followed for 12 weeks (Jul-Oct 2020). Two groups were included: patients in telemedicine care (TM), and patients in the usual face-to-face care (UC). Patients could voluntarily change the care model (transition model (TR)). Activity of disease, quality of life, disability, therapeutic adherence, and self-care ability were analyzed. Bivariate analysis was performed. A qualitative descriptive exploratory study was conducted. At the beginning, 218 adults were included: (109/TM-109/UC). The groups didn't differ in general characteristics. At the end of the study, there were no differences in TM: (n = 71). A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in adherence, and increase in self-care ability were found in UC (n = 18) and TR (n = 129). Seven patients developed COVID-19. Four categories emerged from the experience of the subjects in the qualitative assessment (factors present in communication, information and communication technologies management, family support and interaction, and adherence to treatment). The telemedicine model keeps RA patients stable without major differences compared to the usual care or mixed model.

Influencia de las redes de apoyo social en la evolución de la enfermedad de Alzheimer / Influence of social support networks on the evolution of Alzheimer disease

Resumen Introducción: El Alzheimer es la forma más común de demencia y una de las primeras causas de discapacidad. Objetivo: Describir si en pacientes con Alzheimer el acompañamiento familiar, en comparación con el abandono, ralentiza la evolución de esta enfermedad. Metodología: Revisión integrativa. Se seleccionaron artículos de los últimos cinco años, en idioma inglés, español y portugués, disponibles en las bases de datos PubMed, EBSCO HOST, Scielo, Clinicalkey, Google Académico; se utilizaron los términos MeSH y DeCS: Alzheimer, Continuity of Patient Care, family, Psychosocial Support Systems, junto con los operadores booleanos AND y OR. Se efectuó lectura crítica con las escalas STROBE y AMSTAR, y se clasificó el nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación. Resultados: El diario vivir del cuidador evidencia sobrecarga física y psicológica que llevan a desistir del cuidado de los adultos que padecen Alzheimer. Conclusión: Una red de apoyo estable garantiza mejores cuidados y educación que ralentizan la enfermedad.

Abstract Introduction: Alzheimer is the most common form of dementia and one of the first causes of disability. Objective: To describe if in patients with Alzheimer's disease the family accompaniment, compared to the abandonment, slows the evolution of this disease. Methodology: Integrative review. Selected articles from the last five years, in English, Spanish and Portuguese, available in the PubMed, EBSCO HOST, Scielo, Clinicalkey, Google academic databases, using the terms MeSH and DeCS: Alzheimer, Continuity of Patient Care, family, Psychosocial Support Systems, along with Boolean operators "AND" and "OR". A critical reading was made with the STROBE and AMSTAR scales, and the level of evidence and degree of recommendation were classified. Results: The daily life of the caregiver shows physical and psychological overload that leads to giving up the care of adults suffering from Alzheimer. Conclusion: A stable support network ensures better care and education that slows the disease.

Estrategias para fortalecer la humanización de los servicios en salud en urgencias / Strategies to strengthen the humanization of emergency health services / Estratégias para fortalecer a humanização dos serviços de saúde de emergência

Introducción: La humanización es un factor ético imprescindible y un atributo de la atención en salud. Estudios previos en la insti-tución donde se realizó la investigación se identificaron: la falta de comunicación (80 a 90%), deficiencia en la capacitación del per-sonal (52%), la sobrecarga (25%) y el estrés laboral (22%), como los principales factores relacionados con la deshumanización en la atención de enfermería en urgencias, desde la percepción de los pa-cientes y del personal. Objetivo: Describir estrategias que fortalez-can el componente de humanización en la prestación de servicios de salud en urgencias de un hospital de cuarto nivel. Metodología: Revisión integrativa en la que se estudiaron 29 investigaciones ori-ginales, artículos y literatura gris, publicados en español, inglés y portugués. En su mayoría son indexados y se obtuvieron en revistas de ciencias de la salud mediante las siguientes bases de datos: EBS-COHost, CINAHL, OVID y en el metabuscador de Google Acadé-mico; también se tuvieron en cuenta los términos DeCS, MeSH, humanización de la atención, atención de enfermería y urgencias médicas. Es un estudio sin riesgo ético por ser de tipo documental. Resultados: Las estrategias que se reportaron como efectivas y que inciden en los factores relacionados con la falta de humanización son: ausencia de capacitación en competencia de compasión, min-dfulness y habilidades blandas; como también, la desinformación en el área de especialización y el aumento de la razón enferme-ro-paciente. Conclusiones: Las estrategias en mención mejoran la empatía, conciencian el presente, favorecen la comunicación, pro-porcionan habilidades para el éxito de la atención y disminuyen la sobrecarga laboral.

Introduction: Humanization is an indispensable ethical factor and an attribute of health care. Previous studies at the institution where the research was conducted identified: lack of commu-nication (80-90%), poor staff training (52%), overload (25%) and job stress (22%) as the main factors related to dehumanisation in emergency nursing care, from the perspective of patients and staff. Objective: To describe strategies that strengthen the humanisation component in the provision of health care in the emergency department of a fourth level hospital. Methodology: Integrative review in which 29 original research studies, articles and grey literature, published in Spanish, English and Portuguese, were studied. Most are indexed and were obtained from health sciences journals using the following databases: EBSCOHost, CINAHL, OVID and in the Google Academic meta-search; the terms DeCS, MeSH, humanisation of care, nursing care and medical emergencies were also taken into account. It is a study without ethical risk as it is of a documentary nature. Results: The strategies reported as effective and that impact on the factors related to the lack of humanisation are: lack of training in compassionate, mindfulness and soft skills competence; as well as, misinformation in the area of specialisation and increased nur-se-patient ratio. Conclusions: The strategies mentioned improve empathy, raise awareness of the present, encourage communication, provide skills for successful care and reduce work overload

Introdução: A humanização é um fator ético indispensável e um atributo do cuidado com a saúde. Estudos anteriores na instituição onde a pesquisa foi realizada identificaram: falta de comunicação (80-90%), falta de treinamento do pessoal (52%), sobrecarga (25%) e estresse no trabalho (22%) como os principais fatores relacionados à desumanização no atendimento de enfermagem de emergência, do ponto de vista dos pacientes e do pessoal. Objetivo: Des-crever estratégias que fortaleçam o componente de humanização da prestação de cuidados de saúde de emergência em um hospital de quarto nível. Métodos: Revisão integrativa na qual foram estudadas 29 investigações originais, artigos e literatura cinzenta, publicados em espanhol, inglês e português. A maioria foi indexada e obtida de revistas de ciências da saúde utilizando as seguintes bases de dados: EBSCOHost, CINAHL, OVID e no Google Academic meta-search; os termos DeCS, MeSH, humanização dos cuidados, cuidados de enfermagem e emergências médicas também foram levados em conta. É um estudo sem risco ético por-que é de natureza documental. Resultados: As estratégias relatadas como eficazes e que têm impacto sobre os fatores relacionados à falta de humanização são: ausência de treinamento em compaixão, cuidado e competência em habilidades leves; bem como, desinformação na área de especialização e aumento da relação enfermeiro-paciente. Conclusões: As estratégias mencionadas melhoram a empatia, aumentam a consciência do presente, incentivam a comuni-cação, fornecem habilidades para o cuidado bem sucedido e reduzem a sobrecarga de trabalho

Gestión de casos: adaptación para pacientes pluripatológicos y cuidadores en Colombia / Case management: adaptation for patients with comorbidity and caregivers in Colombia / Gestão de casos: adaptação de pacientes multimorbidos e cuidadores na Colômbia

Objetivo: Identificar puntos de consenso de tomadores de decisiones, profesionales, y usuar-ios, frente a aspectos fundamentales que debe contener un Modelo de Gestión de Casos en el contexto colombiano, para atender a personas en situación de pluripatología y sus cuidadores familiares. Método: Estudio descriptivo. Método de consenso entre expertos y muestreo por conveniencia. Se realizó la técnica Delphi de tiempo real en dos rondas. El análisis incluyó promedios aritméticos para determinar las propuestas más importantes y gobernables. Re-sultados: Participaron 25 expertos en la primera ronda y 23 en la segunda. Se obtuvo mayor consenso en: mayor disponibilidad de recursos económicos para garantizar infraestructura y recursos humanos suficientes; cualificación de recurso humano; potenciar la figura de la enfermera gestora de casos; implementación de rutas de atención integrales; sistemas de in-formación que faciliten el tránsito y conexión de los usuarios; planes de alta vinculación de actores sociales para fomentar la autogestión. Conclusión: La adaptación del Modelo de GC en el sistema de aseguramiento colombiano, permitió identificar factores sustanciales para implementarlo en los niveles macro, meso y micro del sistema de salud, reconocido por los actores como altamente fragmentado.

Objective: Identify the points of consensus of decision makers, professionals, and users, re-garding the fundamental aspects a Case Management Model should have in the Colombian context, to care for people with comorbidity and their family caregivers. Method: Descriptive study. Consensus decision-making among experts and convenience sampling. The Delphi method was applied in real time for two rounds. The analysis included arithmetic means to determine the most important and manageable proposals. Results: 25 experts participated in the first round and 23 in the second round. A greater consensus was obtained in: avail-ability of economic resources to guarantee sufficient infrastructure and human resources; qualification of human resources; potentiate the figure of the nurse in case management; implementation of comprehensive health care pathways; information systems that facilitates the transition and connection of the users; plans for high engagement of social actors to promote self-management. Conclusion: The adaptation of the Case Management Model in the Colombian insurance system, allowed the identification of substantial factors to implement it in the macro, meso and micro levels of the health care system, recognized by the actors as highly fragmented.

Objetivo: identificar os pontos em comum de tomadores de decisões, profissionais e usuários, perante aspectos fundamentais a considerar-se no Modelo de Gestão de Casos (MGC) no contexto colombiano, para atender as pessoas em situação de múltiplas patologias e os seus cuidadores familiares. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo. Método de consenso entre ex-pertos e amostragem por conveniência. Realizou0-se a técnica Delphi de tempo real em duas chances. A análise incluiu medias aritméticas para determinar as propostas mais importantes e governáveis. Resultados: participaram 25 expertos na primeira virada e 23 na segunda. Obteve-se maior consenso em: maior disponibilidade de recursos financeiros para garantir a infraestrutura e recursos humanos suficientes; qualificação do recurso humano; potenciar a figura da enfermeira gestora de casos; implementação de rotas de atendimento integrais; sistemas de informação que facilitem a transição e conexão entre os usuários; planos de alta vinculação de atores sociais para o fomento da autogestão. Conclusão: a adaptação do MGC no sistema de saúde colombiano, permitiu identificar fatores substanciais para implementá-lo nos níveis macro, intermediários e micro do sistema de saúde, reconhecido pelos atores como altamente fragmentado.

Phenomenology of consumption of psycoactive substances in university students in Bogota / Fenomenología del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes universitarios en Bogotá / Fenomenología do consumo de substâncias psicoativas nos estudantes universitários em Bogotá

Objetivo: Determinar el contexto fenomenológico en relación a los hábitos de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, en estudiantes universitarios de una institución de educación superior de ciencias de la salud en Bogotá. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo de enfoque fenomenológico; se realizaron 8 entrevistas a jóvenes universitarios (informantes clave) que conocían el contexto universitario, las personas expendedoras y las consumidoras. La técnica de recolección de datos fue con entrevistas a profundad. El proyecto fue aprobado por el comité de ética de investigación en Seres Humanos, Hospital de San José - FUCS. Resultados: Los hallazgos identifican 6 categorías: 1) Factores de riesgo de policonsumo; 2) Factores de protección de policonsumo; 3) Sustancias psicoactivas; 4) Lugares de consumo; 5) Conductas de riesgo; 6) Efecto del consumo. A partir del análisis de contenido y de las proposiciones emergieron 14 subcategorías: factores de riesgo internos y externos; factores de protección externos; redes de apoyo; sustancias lícitas e ilícitas; lugares: bares, viajes, casa de amigos; conductas de riesgo: suicidio, riñas, conductas sexuales de riesgo, enfermedad física y mental y rendimiento académico. Conclusión: en el estudio se concluye que la problemática social presente en los estudiantes universitarios, está fundamentada en las situaciones de riesgos a las cuales están expuestos socialmente y que requiere de un pilar formativo desde la niñez. La UNODC, propone examinar a profundidad las variables que influyen en el consumo y actuar con programas preventivos viables, que permitan fortalecer las habilidades intrapersonales e interpersonales.

Objective: Determine the phenomenological context related to the habits of consumption of psychoactive drugs, in university students from a higher education institution of health sciences in Bogota, Colombia. Materials and methods: Qualitative descriptive study of phenomenological approach; 8 interviews were performed in young university students (key informants) who knew about the university context, the dealers, and the consumers. The technique for the recollection of data used were in-depth interviews. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee in Human Beings, Hospital of San Jose ­ University Foundation of Health Sciences (FUCS). Results: The findings identify 6 categories: 1) Risk factors of polydrug abuse; 2) Protective factors of polydrug abuse; 3) Psychoactive drugs; 4) Places for consumption; 5) Risk behaviors; 6) Consumption effects. From the analysis of the content and the propositions, 14 sub-categories emerged: internal and external risk factors; external protective factors; support networks; illicit and legal drugs; places: bars, trips, friend's houses; risk behaviors: suicide, fights, sexual risk behavior; mental and physical diseases and academic performance. Conclusion: The study concludes that the present social problematic in university students, is based on risk situations to which students are socially exposed and requires a formative process that starts during childhood. The UNODC, proposes to examine the variables that influence the consumption and act with viable preventive programs in depth, allowing to strengthen the intrapersonal and interpersonal skills.

Objetivo: Determinar o contexto fenomenológico em relação aos hábitos de consumo de substâncias psicoativas, em estudantes universitários de uma faculdade de ciências da saúde em Bogotá. Materiais e métodos: Estudo qualitativo descritivo fenomenológico; realizaram-se 8 entrevistas a jovens universitários (informantes chave) que conheciam o contexto universitário, as pessoas fornecedoras e as consumidoras. A técnica de recolecção de dados foi com entrevistas a profundidade. O projeto foi aprovado pelo comité de ética em pesquisa em seres humanos do Hospital de San José-FUCS. Resultados: Os achados identificaram 6 categorias: 1) fatores de risco de policonsumo; 2) fatores de proteção policonsumo; 3) substâncias psicoativas; 4) lugares de consumo; 5) condutas de risco; 6) efeito do consumo. Partindo da análise de conteúdo e das proposições surgiram14 subcategorias: fatores de risco internos e externos; fatores de proteção externos; redes de apoio; substâncias lícitas e ilícitas; lugares: bares, viagens, casa dos amigos; condutas de risco: suicídio, brigas, condutas sexuais de risco, doença física e mental y finalmente, rendimento acadêmico. Conclusão: A problemática social presente nos estudantes universitários, está fundamentada nas situações de risco, as quais estão expostos socialmente e precisam de uma formação estrutural desde a infância. A UNODC propõe examinar a profundidade das variáveis que influenciam o consumo e atuar com programas de prevenção viáveis, permitindo o fortalecimento de habilidades intrapessoais e interpessoais.

Cuidados enfermeros que modifican conductas alimentarias en adolescentes, etapa inicial de anorexia / Nursing cares that modify eating behaviors in adolescents, first stage of anorexia / Cuidados de enfermagem que mudam comportamentos alimentares em adolescentes, etapa inicial da anorexia

Introducción: La anorexia nerviosa es un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria que afecta al individuo fisiológica y psicológicamente. El profesional de enfermería y equipo multidisciplinar debe promocionar, prevenir y rehabilitar para modificar estas conductas y reducir su progresión. Metodología: Revisión integrativa de la literatura. Palabras clave utilizadas Atención de Enfermería, Jóvenes, Anorexia, Conducta alimentaria trastorno de la Ingesta Alimentaria Evitativa/Restrictiva, Tratamiento multimodal y Habilidades de afrontamiento. Se incluyeron artículos en español, inglés y portugués de cualquier nacionalidad y diseño metodológico publicados entre 2014 y 2019 indexados en bases de datos ClinicalKey, Scielo, CINAHL y metabuscador Google académico. Se filtraron por lectura de título, resumen y texto completo, se clasificaron según el nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación; finalmente se ejecutó lectura crítica mediante las escalas Amstar, Consort y Strobe.. Resultados: Se incluyeron 34 artículos y se construyeron cuatro temáticas: cuidados de enfermería que modifican la conducta alimentaria, factores que influyen en el cambio de la conducta alimentaria, impacto de los cuidados de enfermería y consecuencias de la no aplicación de los cuidados de enfermería. Conclusión: Las intervenciones de enfermería son fundamentales para la recuperación de los adolescentes en etapa inicial de anorexia ya que reducen la progresión de la enfermedad y favorece la expresión de sentimientos.

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that affects the individual physiologically and psychologically. The nursing professional, along with a multidisciplinary team must promote, prevent and rehabilitate the individual, to modify these behaviors and reduce its progression. Methodology: Integrative review of the literature. Keywords used: nursing care, young people, anorexia, eating behavior, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorders, multimodal treatment and methodological design. Articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included, from any nationality and methodological design. The articles selected were published between 2014 and 2019 and were indexed to the databases ClinicalKey, Scielo, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. These were filtered by reading the title, abstract and complete text; and were classified according to their level of evidence and grades of recommendation. Finally, a critical reading was made using the tools, AMSTAR, CONSORT and STROBE. Results: 34 articles were included, and four themes were built: nursing care to modify eating habits, factors that include change in eating behaviors, nursing care impact and consequences of not applying nursing care. Conclusion: The nursing interventions are fundamental for the recovery of adolescents in the first stage of anorexia since these reduce the progression of the disease and support expressing their feelings.

Introdução: A anorexia nervosa é um transtorno do comportamento alimentar que afeta ao sujeito fisiologica e psicologicamente. O profissional de enfermagem junto com a equipe multiprofissional deve promover, prever e reabilitar para mudar essas condutas e reduzir o progresso. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura. Palavras-chave empregadas: cuidados de enfermagem, adolescente, anorexia, comportamento alimentar, transtorno da evitação ou restrição da ingestão de alimentos, terapia combinada, adaptação psicológica. Incluíram-se artigos publicados em espanhol, inglês e português com qualquer nacionalidade ou metodologia. Foram selecionadas as publicações entre 2014-2019 disponíveis na ClinicalKey, Scielo, CINAHL e no Google Scholar. Foram filtrados pela leitura do título, o resumo e o texto completo; classificaram-se segundo o nível de evidência e o grau de recomendação. Finalmente, efetivou-se uma leitura crítica empregando as escalas Amstar, Consort e Strobe. Resultados: Incluíram-se 34 artigos e construíram-se quatro temas: cuidados de enfermagem que mudam os comportamentos alimentares; fatores que influenciam a mudança de comportamento alimentar; impacto nos cuidados de enfermagem; e, consequências da ausência de cuidados de enfermagem. Conclusão: As intervenções de enfermagem são fundamentais para a recuperação dos adolescentes na etapa inicial da anorexia, devido à redução do progresso do transtorno, além de favorecer a expressão dos seus sentimentos.

Effectiveness of a case management model for the comprehensive provision of health services to multi-pathological people.

AIM: To determine the effectiveness of a case management model for approaching multi-pathological people in a health promoting entity of the contributory healthcare scheme in Bogotá, Colombia between 2018 - . DESIGN: Mixed methods research. METHOD: The study contemplates two components: a quantitative component using a quasi-experimental analytical design before and after longitudinal intervention to determine the effectiveness of the case management model and a qualitative descriptive design to understand the experience of the participants about the model. The Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation of Colombia (Colciencias) funded this project by means of call 777-November 2017, under the financing agreement No. 848-December 2017. DISCUSSION: Addressing problems deriving from the structure of the Colombian healthcare system is crucial for implementing case management models. Furthermore, the effectiveness of such models may be affected by power relations and market failures, but the proved potential of a model may represent a generalized benefit for the Colombian health system. IMPACT: In Colombia, considering complications and management of chronic non-communicable diseases as isolated cases is considered as the highest cost events in healthcare provision, since an average of 12.8 million pesos is invested in each patient. This has led to rethink the management in these patients by means of a comprehensive model that guarantees the effectiveness of healthcare delivery, in the framework of a healthcare system heavily affected by payment capacity, where the market has a strong predominance, such as the case of Colombia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: RPCEC00000293.